Insects

Choristoneura Fumiferana

spruce budworm (Choristoneura Fumiferana)
Latin Name Choristoneura Fumiferana
Common Name spruce budworm
Biology

Larvae feed on conifer needles (spruce, fir); cyclic outbreaks.

Damage

Severe defoliation, leading to tree mortality in large infestations.

Distribution Regions

North America

Monitoring

Pheromone traps; aerial surveys for defoliation.

Recommended Traps

Choristoneura fumiferana pheromone traps

Literature review

Semiochemical evidence

The cited publications support the exact compound-species relationship. Formulation, ratio, loading, release rate and field lifetime depend on a validated lure protocol and are not inferred here.

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