Adults are ~12-15 mm, shield-shaped, bright green. Nymphs red/orange. Polyphagous; feeds on >100 plant species. Overwinters as adults. Males produce

Pierces fruits/vegetables, causing deformities, necrosis, and reduced quality. Transmits pathogens .

Cosmopolitan in temperate/tropical regions (e.g., US, Europe, Asia) .

Visual surveys. Pheromone-baited traps. Sweep netting .

Aggregation pheromone traps (e.g., funnel traps) .